Conjunctiva anatomy by dr bal kishore, cell biologist and neuro anatomist. The conjunctiva covers the posterior surface of the eyelids palpebral conjunctiva, curves anteriorly at the fornix to reflect onto the anterior surface of the eye as the bulbar conjunctiva. It has no blood vessels in it, and normally is completely transparent. Conjunctiva anatomy the interior surface of the eyelids and the anterior surface of the eyeball is lined with a thin membrane which secrete mucous. The stratified squamous epithelium that makes up the conjunctiva varies greatly in density in. The lens changes shape when pulled by muscles around its edges. The anatomy and cell biology of the human cornea, limbus. Anatomy of the ocular surfaces, cornea, and conjunctiva, rat. It is composed of unkeratinized, stratified squamous epithelium with goblet cells, and stratified columnar epithelium. Anatomy and physiology of the conjunctiva presented by arundhati hatikakoty bachelor of optometry 3rd year roll no 302 2. The inflammation may be caused by a viral or bacterial infection. A total of 200 conjunctival swabs from 100 patients with healthy eyes were sent for microbiological evaluation to describe the various microorganisms isolated as normal flora of conjunctiva. The conjunctiva is the mucous membrane that lines the eyelid and covers the visible portion of the eyeball except the cornea the transparent part of the eyeball that covers the iris and the pupil.
The stratified squamous epithelium that makes up the conjunctiva varies greatly in density in various regions along the eye. Transparent mucous membrane which lines the inner surfaces of the eyelids and is reflected over the anterior surface of the eye ball before terminating at the limbus. Anatomy, physiology, symptomatology and classification dr. Conjunctival flora of normal human eye jscimed central. The eye and brain have several notable parallels that from a hemorheologic standpoint are distinctive in terms of human anatomy. The type of eye anatomy that ocularists know, however, is more abstract, as the anatomy has been altered from its natural form.
Anatomy, head and neck, eye conjunctiva statpearls ncbi. Anatomy and physiology of the cornea sciencedirect. The conjunctiva of the eye provides protection and lubrication of the eye by the production of mucus and tears. The anatomy of the eye includes auxillary structures, such as the bony eye socket and extraocular muscles, as well as the structures of the eye itself, such as the lens and the retina. Anatomy and function of the conjunctiva ibrites wordpress. Spreading sarscov2 through ocular fluids pdf to download. Pdf transscleral cyclophotocoagulation and its histological effects. This contribution explores both the form and function of numerous anatomic features of the human ocular system, which are vital to a comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology of many oculocutaneous diseases. That part of the conjunctiva, a clear membrane of the eye, which covers the outer surface of the eye. Conjunctiva definition and detailed illustration all about vision.
The palebral conjunctiva lines the underside of the eyelids, while the bulbar conjunctiva covers the front of the eyeball itself. The bulbar conjunctiva 2 covers the eyeball and extends into the recess created by forniceal conjunctiva 3. A thin, mucous membrane, the conjunctiva serves to protect the front of the eyeball. Cicatrizing conditions can create a foreshortened fornix, thereby decreasing the area of measurable bulbar conjunctiva.
The conjunctiva is highly vascularised, with many microvessels easily accessible for imaging studies. These three regions, shown diagrammatically and histologically in figs. In bright light, the pupil closes to decrease the amount of light entering the eye. Small muscles attached to the lens cause it to bend.
Ex vivo conjunctival retention and transconjunctival. To describe the conjunctival flora of normal human eye which vary with. This resource includes descriptions, functions, and problems of the major structures of the human eye. Histological images of the conjunctiva first two rows and ciliary body. It prevents microbial entrance into the eye and plays a role in immune surveillance. Anatomy, physiology, symptomatology and classification pranay shinde dnb resident deen dayal upadhyay hospital,new delhi 2. Its wall has three distinct layersan outer fibrous layer, a. The majority of the blood supply for the bulbar conjunctiva near the limbus is derived from the anterior ciliary arteries. Webmds eyes anatomy pages provide a detailed picture and definition of the human eyes. Ocular fluids, conjunctival secretions and tears from patients with. Inflammation of the conjunctiva is called conjunctivitis.
Conjunctivitis, also called pinkeye, inflammation of the conjunctiva, the delicate mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and covers the front part of the white of the eye. The conjunctiva is a tissue that lines the inside of the eyelids and covers the sclera the white of the eye. Ibrite works by removing the conjunctiva membrane, which then regrows after the procedure. Anatomy it is the mucous membrane covering the under surface of the lids and anterior part of the eyeball upto the cornea. There are subtle histologic differences in the conjunctiva of the lid margins, tarsus, fornix, and bulbar conjunctivae. Zieske the cornea, conjunctiva, and intervening transition area known as the limbus comprise the tissues at the ocular surface. The anatomy and cell biology of the human cornea, limbus, conjunctiva, and adnexa ilene k.
For instance, a common cause of corneal pannus is contact lens wear, particularly if the contacts are illfitting. Understanding the basic anatomy of the human eye is a requirement for all health care providers, but it is even more significant to eye care practitioners, including ocularists. Measurements of conjunctiva blood flow in human eyes have been reported using a modified scanning laser ophthalmoscope duench, et al. Eye anatomy thomas c litzinger,miami university, oxford, ohio, usa katia del riotsonis,miami university, oxford, ohio, usa the eye is a small yet multifaceted unit. Anatomy of the eye easy peasy allinone high school.
This education module, ocular anatomy was originally prepared by. It is at the front of the eye just in front of the coloured part of the eye, the iris. Human eye anatomy parts of the eye and structure of the. Correlate the structure of the conjunctiva with its functions and clinical presentations in common clinical disorders. For ophthalmologists, optometrists, medical, dental, and optometry students, eyeanatomy forms the basis for eyepathology in diseases. In the photo below identify the various topographical areas of conjunctiva. The bulbar conjunctiva is divided into scleral and limbal parts. Pdf micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation mptcp is increasingly. What specialized cells are contained in the conjunctiva. Clinical anatomy and physiology of the visual system, 3rd edition. Conjunctiva national library of medicine pubmed health. The other part of the conjunctiva is the palpebral conjunctiva, which lines the inside of the eyelids. Conjunctiva institute for quality and efficiency in health care iqwig terms to know cornea the transparent part of the eye that covers the iris and the pupil and. Corneal pannus means the growth of fine blood vessels onto the clear corneal surface.
The conjunctiva helps lubricate the eye by producing mucus and tears, although a smaller volume of tears than the lacrimal gland. The eyes are protected by eyelids and suspended in the orbit by ocular muscles, which are also responsible for eye movements. A thin, clear, moist membrane that coats the inner surfaces of the eyelids palpebral conjunctiva and the outer surface of the eye ocular, or bulbar, conjunctiva. Identify important anatomical landmarks of conjunctiva. Upon the cornea, the conjunctiva consists only of epithelium, constituting the epithelium of the cornea. In that case the contacts should be refitted, or perhaps discontinued. Conjunctiva is continuous anteriorly with the epithelium of the cornea. A membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelid and also covers the front part of the eye. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
The conjunctiva is a tissue that lines the inside of the eyelids and covers the sclera it is. In the average adult, the horizontal diameter of the cornea is 11. The bulbar conjunctiva bulbar portion upon the sclera, the conjunctiva is loosely connected to the bulb of the eye. There also is a test for color deficiency and three short quizzes. At the margins of the lids it becomes continuous with the lining membrane of the ducts of the tarsal glands, and, through the lacrimal ducts, with the lining membrane of the lacrimal sac and. The regional variation of the conjunctiva start with an overview in a photograph in which the patient is looking up. Human eye, specialized sense organ in humans that is capable of receiving visual images, which are relayed to the brain. Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. When it is scarred or infected, it may appear white in some areas.
Is the conjunctiva normally lined by keratin in the outer layers. Allergies affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide and oculareye allergy affects approximately one in five people worldwide. Oct 17, 2010 the regional variation of the conjunctiva start with an overview in a photograph in which the patient is looking up. Perhaps the most appropriate tissue for such a task is the thin mucous membrane that covers the sclera of the human eye, the conjunctiva.
In contextanatomylangen terms the difference between sclera and conjunctiva is that sclera is anatomy the white of the eye it is the tough outer coat of the eye that covers the eyeball except for the cornea while conjunctiva is anatomy a clear mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelid and the exposed surface of the eyeball or sclera. Anatomy and physiology find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Based on the anatomy what types of cancers would you expect to be found in the conjunctiva. Feb 23, 2014 everything you want to know about eye allergies. Meanwhile, the forniceal conjunctiva creates a fold where the eyelid meets the eyeball at the medial canthus.
The conjunctiva is divided into the following threeparts. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The inferior fornix is typically between 10 and 12 mm in normals and decreases with age. Read an overview of general eye anatomy to learn how the parts of the eye work together. The limbus 1 is the junction of the conjunctiva and cornea. Between the bulbar and the palpebral conjunctiva there are two loose, redundant portions forming recesses that project back toward the equator of the globe.
The conjunctiva is a thin membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelid and the white part of the eyeball the sclera. Tarsal conjunctiva is firmly adherent to the whole tarsal plate in the upper lid. The ocular conjunctiva is also called the bulbar conjunctiva. Substantia propria is more uniform than in bulbar conjunctiva and is more closely attached to tarsus so invasive lesions appear clinically flat, has arterioles, veins and complex capillary network, myelinated and nonmyelinated branches of trigeminal nerve, lymphoid aggregates near fornices, acini and ducts of accessory lacrimal glands of. To start off, here is a diagram of the human eye a horizontal section of the right eye. Ppt eye anatomy powerpoint presentation free to download. These recesses are called the upper and lower fornices, or conjunctival sacs. The conjunctiva helps lubricate the eye by producing mucus and tears.
The conjunctivais a clear mucous membrane that lines the inner surfaces of the eyelids and and continues on to cover the front surface of the eyeball, except for the central clear portion of the outer eye the cornea. Although all parts of the conjunctiva are continuous each has been given its own name to emphasize anatomic differences. Learn about their function and problems that can affect the eyes. All about the conjunctiva of the eye, including what to do about conjunctival pallor or injection. This post includes an outline of parts of the eye, refractive errors, eye muscles, muscular errors, and medicalsurgical conditions. A pictorial anatomy of the human eyeanophthalmic socket. Anatomy of the ocular surfaces, cornea, and conjunctiva. Quantitative assessment of conjunctival microvascular. Introduction conjoin to join so the name conjuctiva has been given to this mucous membrane owing to the fact that it joins the eyeball to the lids it is a translucent mucous membrane which lines the posterior surface of. The human conjunctiva is a richly vascularized transparent tissue that provides both protection and lubrication to the eye and is readily accessible for examination by a variety of techniques.
Nurcahya ardian bramantha,spm learning objectives at the end of the session the students would be able to. That part of the conjunctiva, a clear membrane of the eye, which covers the outer surface of the eye the other part of the conjunctiva is the palpebral conjunctiva, which lines the inside of the eyelids. Nov 20, 2015 the conjunctiva is composed of three connected parts. Conjunctiva palpebral conjunctiva marginal tarsal orbital bulbar. Finally, the conjunctival fornices are divided into the superior, inferior, lateral, and. Conjunctiva tunica conjunctiva anatomy, medical imaging. Ocular anatomy looks complicated at first, but its pretty straightforward.
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